4/6/2023 0 Comments Silva ninox 2In addition to highlighting that ideological change, this paper argues further that the rulings on infringement are the results of a political process with a tendency to protect domestic companies rather than foreign format owners. Creators of formats are defined as authors whose techniques for compiling elements distinguish their creativity, thus shifting the previous understanding of a format as an idea to the expression of an idea. An analysis of dispute cases in format copyright infringement shows that the legal definition of a format was proposed by the United States, the Netherlands, Australia, and Brazil in the early 2000s. This paper examines the development of the international governance of the television format trade, taking a political economic approach to the uncertainty of copyright protection of formats. Industry professionals have been distressed by the different rulings of various courts, which have not yielded certainty for the legal protection of formats from infringement ( Gurin, 2019). The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) has not discussed formats as a separate subject for international protection (WIPO FAQs as cited in Meehan & Torre, 2011). The copyright protection of formats has never been guaranteed nor has the legal framework for copyright and its infringement been internationally harmonized. Situated awkwardly in the idea-expression dichotomy, formats are legally protected in some countries, but not in all ( Singh & Nagpal, 2011). Copyright law does not protect ideas, but rather the expression of ideas. However, industry professionals complain that the format business has never been more vulnerable because of the demand of channels and platforms for additional content expanded without guaranteed legal protection ( Ravindran, 2019). According to the Format Recognition and Protection Association (FRAPA), an industry pressure group for the recognition of format rights, the key to a format business is the protection of ideas as intellectual property ( Gurin, 2020). The value of the format business lies in the original ideas, concepts, and know-how that can be scaled ( Middleton, 2019). All subjects Allied Health Cardiology & Cardiovascular Medicine Dentistry Emergency Medicine & Critical Care Endocrinology & Metabolism Environmental Science General Medicine Geriatrics Infectious Diseases Medico-legal Neurology Nursing Nutrition Obstetrics & Gynecology Oncology Orthopaedics & Sports Medicine Otolaryngology Palliative Medicine & Chronic Care Pediatrics Pharmacology & Toxicology Psychiatry & Psychology Public Health Pulmonary & Respiratory Medicine Radiology Research Methods & Evaluation Rheumatology Surgery Tropical Medicine Veterinary Medicine Cell Biology Clinical Biochemistry Environmental Science Life Sciences Neuroscience Pharmacology & Toxicology Biomedical Engineering Engineering & Computing Environmental Engineering Materials Science Anthropology & Archaeology Communication & Media Studies Criminology & Criminal Justice Cultural Studies Economics & Development Education Environmental Studies Ethnic Studies Family Studies Gender Studies Geography Gerontology & Aging Group Studies History Information Science Interpersonal Violence Language & Linguistics Law Management & Organization Studies Marketing & Hospitality Music Peace Studies & Conflict Resolution Philosophy Politics & International Relations Psychoanalysis Psychology & Counseling Public Administration Regional Studies Religion Research Methods & Evaluation Science & Society Studies Social Work & Social Policy Sociology Special Education Urban Studies & Planning BROWSE JOURNALS
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